There leishmaniasis is a dangerous disease that can affect our dog friends. In order to best protect your animal and act quickly in the event of infection, it is essential to fully understand this disease and its mechanisms. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis in dogs.
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania, mostly Leishmania infantum. It can affect several animal species, including humans and dogs. In the latter, it manifests itself in different forms, ranging from chronic to fatal.
How is the disease transmitted?
Leishmaniasis is transmitted mainly through the bite of an insect vector called sandfly. This small mosquito picks up parasites by biting an animal carrying the disease and then transmits them to another host during a new bite.
Geographical areas at risk and period of activity of sandflies
Geographic distribution of leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is present in several regions of the world, particularly around the Mediterranean basin. In France, it is particularly in the south that we find areas at risk. The most affected departments are those around the Mediterranean, but cases can also be observed in the southwest and northeast of the country.
Sandflies are active during the warmer months of the year, usually between May and October. High temperatures favor their reproduction and nocturnal activity.
Symptoms of Leishmaniasis in Dogs
Common clinical signs
Leishmaniasis can cause a wide variety of symptoms in dogs, such as:
Skin lesions: patches, ulcers or scales on the skin, especially around the ears, nose and eyes.
Swollen lymph nodes
Loss of weight and appetite
Lameness
Eye inflammation
Anemia
In some cases, the disease can also lead to digestive problems and kidney failure.
Consequences on the health of the animal
If not treated promptly, leishmaniasis can cause irreversible damage to a dog's internal organs and even lead to death.
Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis
How is the disease diagnosed?
The diagnosis of leishmaniasis is mainly based on a clinical examination carried out by a veterinarian. Blood tests then confirm the presence of the parasite.
Treatment Options Available
The treatment of canine leishmaniasis is based on the administration of specific antiparasitic drugs. It is important to start treatment quickly to avoid complications. However, you should know that even if the dog recovers, it remains a carrier of the parasite and can have relapses.
Prevention of leishmaniasis in dogs
Vaccination and boosters
Vaccination against leishmaniasis is an effective way to protect your dog. The vaccine must be administered from the age of 6 months, then boosters are necessary every year.
In addition to vaccination, it is recommended to use repellent collars and insecticides to keep sandflies away. Limiting your pet's nighttime outings and using window screens can also reduce the risk of infection.
Tips for dog owners living in at-risk areas
Regular monitoring of the animal's health
It is essential to be vigilant for clinical signs that may indicate leishmaniasis infection in your dog. Visit a veterinarian regularly for health checks.
Collaboration with the veterinarian
If you suspect leishmaniasis, do not hesitate to ask your veterinarian questions and follow their recommendations. He will be able to give you indications regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this serious illness.
In short, the canine leishmaniasis is a life-threatening illness which requires special attention, especially if you live in a risk area. By being well informed and taking appropriate preventive measures, you can help protect your dog against this condition and ensure their long-term health.
Florence Luberton, a passionate pet lover and pet owner. Florence has dedicated her life to educating pet owners on the best ways to care for their furry companions. From training, nutrition, to grooming and behavior, she has a wealth of knowledge that she loves to share with pet owners to help them better understand their animals.
